On the other hand, social workers apply different theoretical frames that assist in unlocking and clarifying the complexities in social behaviors and the existence of equalities in their environments of the different contexts when they intersect. It is essential to mention that the two approaches to social work practice are usually separated into psychodynamic and social learning theories (the first being associated with analyzing symptoms and the second with building new skills). This paper aims to look critically at the theories through the case of the neighborhood, Mary S., and her grandson, Jason, and then make reference to the presentations by the scholars; before concluding, it would summarize how these theories can be best applied. Firstly, most theories explaining health and illness are related to association rather than cause and effect. Hence, these associations provide an extra perspective on life, a reliable intervention that results in better health outcomes.
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The Psychodynamic Theory based on Sigmund Freud’s works and continued by his disciples in the modernist era to meet the nature of the period under investigation involves mental structures as part of the human psyche involving unconscious motives and childhood experiences in explaining human behavior. A constant caregiver, she has always been there for him, and the recommendation offered by Kirst-Ashman & Hull Jr (2014) will enable us to understand precisely what that relationship between them is about. The psychodynamic approach, theorized by Dass-Brailsford (2010), emphasizes the detriment of the earliest attachments created as children compared to the other theories that consider this period of life as the primary timeframe for emotional development.
The actions of Mary Jason as a guardian of small Jason and the fight between the two ladies on the custody problem can be the source of emotional problems for Jason. The entire scenario of frustrations between the family members about the custody battles and their direct linking to psychodynamics is one of the most significant sources of emotional tensions and behavioral unrest because of the underlying experience of childhood that has been the primary source of such behavioral issues (Dass-Brailsford, 2010). Summarizing what Mary does regarding her son’s discipline, inhumane punishments, separation for too long, and many others, experts present their opinions by citing the same motives Mary followed in her youth and childhood, as regarded by Schwartz (2014).
Additionally, he takes this opportunity to explore various defense mechanisms that Mrs. Jordan uses to deal with her thoughts and feelings. He brings them together towards his only son, Jason (Schwartz, 2014). Many aspects play a role in an analysis of Mary’s present behavior, such as the former trauma of Mary’s, her ability to work as a jail officer, and the relationship between Mary and Susan, which, among others, may help to detect the present state of mind and a course of action for further work to uncover inner problems with Mary and apply treatment accordingly (Dass-Brailsford, 2010).
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In contrast to the intrapsychic focus of psychodynamic theory, Social Learning Theory emphasizes the role of external factors and social interactions in shaping behavior. As far as Bandura (1977) was concerned, individuals copy, learn, and reinforce what they see others do and experience in their social circles. By Social Learning Theory, the study of Mary and Jason’s experienced situation using the role of environmental factors to implement changes in Jason’s behavior and emotional responses is considered.
Probably, partial influence on the actions of Jason, which are mixing his weakness of being scared of Mary and doubting something about her due to this fear, can be explained by the fact that the behavior of these people is primarily defined by the environmental factors, which are, for example, programs or schemes that have been implemented in their minds (Bandura, 1977). Accomplishing such observance by distinguishing how the physical punishment is carried out and giving account of the coldness when left alone might cause certain feelings and reactions to Jason after that will impersonate Schwartz’s (2014) assumptions very well. She relies, in principle, on Jekyl to make up for his acts and for him to do things that make her jog her memory and get involved in what he likes (Bandura, 1977).
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